Client Communication Briefings

July 02, 2002

Given the recent events that again have negatively affected the stock market and overall investors’ confidence, I feel that a review is in order. The major stock market indices are back down to the levels we saw immediately following September 11. After a recovery in the first quarter of 2002, stocks turned negative the second quarter wiping out all progress and delivering big losses for the year. After six months the Dow lost 7.77%, the S&P 500 dropped 13% and the NASDAQ collapsed by 24%. While economic indicators paint a positive picture for the future, the current stock levels illustrate more of a stormy portrait.

The answer for this apparent disconnect can be summarized as total lack of confidence and collapse of faith in the future. The reasons for this are valid – Enron, Arthur Anderson, analysts’ conflicts of interest, corporate CEOs charged with fraud, tax evasion and insider trading. Every day a new revelation hits the news and investor confidence with hard-to-take punches. The latest -- WorldCom’s accounting fraud, looks like it will end with the largest bankruptcy case in history.

This lack of confidence and reduced faith fosters fearful emotions in investors and it is fear and greed that drives markets in the short run. While the current level of fear is higher than I have ever experienced in the 22 years I have been in business, history provides us with case studies of how this lack of confidence plays out in the markets.

Over the past 75 years, we have experienced three instances when stocks have declined for successive years. The most recent was 1973-74. Prior to that, we have to go back another 35 years to World War II when stocks declined for three consecutive years from 1939 to 1941. The biggest run of negative returns was experienced 1929-32, the Great Depression.

The one thing in common with all of these past protracted bear markets is that they eventually ended, and when they did the four years that followed were big gainers averaging close to 20% per year.

Let’s look at what happened during each of those protracted bear markets and at the response of investors during those trying times. Using the research provided by Dimensional Fund Advisors through their Global Investment Dimensions 1926-2001 publication we find the historic returns of all the major asset classes. During each of those protracted bear markets, investors pulled money out of stocks and sought the safety of some other asset class. In the 1929-32 bear market leading to the Great Depression, investors dumped stocks and sought the safety of banks and bonds. During the 1939-41 bear market, investors bought Government Treasury bills bidding down the yields to zero. That’s right; investors were willing to take no interest on their investment so long as they could get the government guarantee of return of their money. This represents what I call Will Rogers investing. Rogers said of the market, "I’m more concerned about the return of my money than the return on it". This attitude was because of the lack of confidence in the banking system following the Great Depression.

After the 1973-74 bear market, investors lost faith in all paper assets including U.S bonds. Instead gold, silver, and collectibles were viewed as their safe haven. The flight from financial assets drove the price of gold to over $800 per ounce and silver to the dizzying level of almost $50. By 1980, you could not give away long-term bonds -- the yield on the thirty-year government bond soared to over 13% with still few takers.

With the benefit of hindsight, we now see that the right move for investors at those low-confidence times was to resist the urge to buy the safe haven of the day and keep a balanced portfolio of stocks, bonds, and cash. As mentioned earlier, the 1939-41 bear market saw investors seek the safety of cash with short-term interest rates dropping to zero. The next four years saw stock returns averaging 25% per year, long term bonds at just under 5% and the safe haven investment of that time, cash, only returning one third of a percent.

The gold bugs of the 70s watched their investment in hard assets plummet 70% during the decade of the 80s. Twenty-two years later gold is at $315 and silver is selling for less than $5.00. From the bottom of that bear market we saw stock returns averaging 14% over the next four years, 17% over six years with the first two years averaging 30% per year.

Let’s look at the parallels today. No doubt we are experiencing a lack of confidence and limited faith in the future. The rate on three-month bonds is 1.70%, money funds less than 1.30% but yet money fund balances are at record levels. Sounds similar to the 1939-41 bear market. Based on the calls I am getting and the ads in the papers, CDs, money funds and fixed annuities are vying for the safe haven asset this time. Look back at what happens to safe haven investments when stocks recover. The lost opportunity is a real cost – that is the price to be out of stocks when they recover. Locking up money into CDs or annuities will guarantee those funds will not be available to invest when the markets recover.

Granted, these times are scary, with terrorist warnings compounding the ethical failure of some highly visible companies. History shows us that as good overcomes evil, so lack of confidence and faith will be replaced with a new found faith that tomorrow will be a better day.

Sincerely,

Michael P. Haubrich, CFP